Veterans Track

Introduction to Data Architectures

Data architecture from a software architect's lens — covering ingestion, storage, modelling, governance, security, analytics, AI/ML, reliability, cloud scalability and DataOps.

Domain 01 · Data Sources & Ingestion

Data Sources

Files, RDBMS, unstructured data, streaming sources, APIs, webhooks and IoT data sources.

FilesRDBMSStreamingAPIs

Data Integration

ETL, ELT, reverse ETL, CDC and API-based integration pipelines.

ETLELTCDCReverse ETL

Ingestion Patterns & SLAs

Batch, micro-batch and real-time ingestion with latency SLAs, idempotency and dead-letter handling.

BatchReal-timeDLQIdempotency

Data Contracts

Versioned producer-consumer agreements defining schema, SLAs and quality obligations.

Schema versioningSLABreaking change policy

Domain 02 · Storage Paradigms & Management

Warehouse, Lakes, Fabrics & Meshes

Data warehouse, data lake, data fabric, data mesh and lakehouse architecture.

WarehouseLakeFabricMesh

Data Storage & Management

Hot, warm, cold and archive storage tiers with Parquet, ORC, Avro and compression strategies.

ParquetORCArchiveTiering

Master Data Management

Golden record creation, entity resolution, reference data and stewardship workflows.

MDMGolden recordStewardship

Data Lifecycle Management

Retention schedules, archival triggers, legal hold and GDPR-compliant erasure workflows.

RetentionLegal holdErasure

Domain 03 · Modelling, Transformation & Flow

Data Models

Conceptual, logical and physical models including relational, dimensional, document, graph and key-value models.

3NFStar schemaGraphDocument

Transformation

Cleansing, enrichment, normalisation, aggregation and business logic using dbt, Spark or Flink.

dbtSparkFlinkTesting

Data Flow

End-to-end movement from source to consumption across batch, streaming and error paths.

BatchStreamingAirflow

Data Quality Framework

Completeness, accuracy, consistency, timeliness, validity and uniqueness checks.

Great ExpectationsSodaDQ checks

Semantic & Metrics Layer

Consistent KPI definitions using dbt Metrics, Cube.dev, LookML and business glossary alignment.

Semantic layerKPIGlossary

Domain 04 · Security, Privacy & Compliance

Encryption

Encryption at rest, in transit, column-level encryption, KMS/HSM and key rotation.

AES-256TLS 1.3KMS

Data Utilities

Masking, obfuscation, tokenisation, pseudonymisation, archival and secure deletion.

MaskingTokenisationDeletion

Data Governance & Security

Cataloging, metadata management, lineage tracking, access policies and stewardship workflows.

CatalogLineageAccess policies

Compliance Standards

GDPR, CCPA, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, SOX and continuous compliance evidence.

GDPRHIPAAPCI-DSS

Data Access Control

Row-level security, column-level security, ABAC, PBAC and just-in-time access.

RLSCLSABACPBAC

Data Audit & Lineage

Column-level lineage, impact analysis and immutable audit logs for data access events.

AuditLineageImpact analysis

Domain 05 · Processing, Analytics & AI/ML

Data Processing & Analytics

Batch, stream and real-time analytics using Spark, Flink and Kafka Streams.

SparkFlinkKafka

Data Science

Exploratory analysis, statistical modelling, notebooks, sandboxed access and experiment tracking.

JupyterDatabricksExperiment tracking

ML & AI Architecture

Feature store, model registry, model serving and drift detection.

Feature storeModel registryDrift

MLOps & Model Lifecycle

Retraining pipelines, model CI/CD, A/B testing, explainability and fairness auditing.

MLOpsSHAPFairness

Self-Service Analytics

Governed BI access through Tableau, Looker, Power BI and curated data products.

BILookerPower BI

Domain 06 · Reliability, Observability & Testing

Data Integrity Protection

Referential integrity, constraints, ACID boundaries and checksums against silent corruption.

ACIDConstraintsChecksums

Data Observability

Freshness SLAs, anomaly detection, schema alerts and pipeline health monitoring.

FreshnessAnomalyMonte Carlo

Pipeline Reliability & SLAs

Retry logic, circuit breakers, checkpointing and automated incident escalation.

RetryCheckpointingSLA

Data Disaster Recovery

RTO/RPO targets, warehouse snapshots, lake versioning and cross-region replication.

RTORPOReplication

Data Testing Strategy

Unit tests, integration tests, schema validation and KPI regression tests.

dbt testsSchema validationRegression

Idempotency & Replayability

Replayable pipeline stages for backfills, incident recovery and audit reproducibility.

ReplayBackfillAudit

Domain 07 · Scalability, Portability & Cloud Architecture

Scalability

Horizontal scaling of compute, storage and query layers with cost guardrails.

ScalingPartitionsConcurrency

Portability

Open formats and APIs to prevent vendor lock-in and support GDPR data export.

ParquetIcebergOpen APIs

Cloud-Native & Hybrid

BigQuery, Redshift, Synapse, hybrid connectivity and unified identity.

Cloud-nativeHybridIAM

FinOps & Data Cost Management

Query attribution, auto-suspend, egress optimisation and reserved capacity planning.

FinOpsEgressAuto-suspend

Domain 08 · DataOps, Delivery & Ecosystem

DataOps & DevOps

CI/CD for data pipelines, version-controlled transforms and IaC for data infrastructure.

CI/CDdbtIaC

Data Product Architecture

Data products with owners, SLAs, schema, access policy and quality contracts.

Data productOwnerSLA

Metadata & Data Catalog

Active metadata, automated discovery, PII tagging, glossary and lineage propagation.

DataHubCollibraPII tagging

Data Sharing & Monetisation

Secure external sharing, data marketplaces and revenue attribution.

Data sharingMarketplaceRevenue

Data Platform Operating Model

Centralised, federated or hub-and-spoke operating model with SLA ownership.

Operating modelCoETeam topology